Microscopic Discontinuity of Fluids

We reveal that realistic fluids generate microscopic-level discontinu-ity constantly and the discontinuity spreads out with motion of particles rather rapidly and widely. These things cannot be treated by the standard kinetic equations, and thus the existing fluid theories, macroscopic ones and microscopic ones, need to be revised considerably. It has been unanimously believed that the following standard framework[1][2] Continuity equations and Liouville's theorem ↓ BBGKY hierarchy equations ↓ Kinetic equations → Fluid equations ↓ ↓ Equilibrium and nonequilibrium phenomena gives sound microscopic and macroscopic descriptions of all classical fluids observed in the physical reality. Nevertheless, discoveries in various fields, such as those related to turbulence, chaos and dissipative structures, constantly revealed fluid phenomena that appear to be inconsistent with our existing theoretical knowledge. In the studies of statistical behavior of charged particles[3][4], we ourselves were in trouble to construct intuition out of what was obtained from the kinetic equations. The situation motivated us to make a lot of investigation on related fundamental subjects and finally resulted in our critical attitude toward the existing kinetic theory. In the usual textbook elaboration of the kinetic theory[5][1], all the particles are at first assumed to make motion in the way as if they constitute a continuous medium and the mediumlike behavior is cast into a differential operator similar to that in fluid mechanics; an integral operator, as a correction term, is then attached, in which particles interact with each other as if they are ordinary colliding particles. In our view, the formalism, though seems to give a comprehensive description of the two contradictory aspects, medium aspect and particle aspect, runs into conceptual difficulties. According to the theory, if the number of particles becomes more and more (the gas becomes denser and denser), then the collisional term becomes overwhelming; otherwise, the 1